![]() While aerobic respiration is essential for efficient metabolic energy production, a prerequisite for complex organisms, cumulative cellular oxygen stress has also made senescence and death inevitable. Oxygen, a vital gas and a lethal toxin, represents a trade-off with which all organisms have had a conflicted relationship. ![]() Through the evolutionary directions and variety of gas exchangers, their shared features and individual compromises may be appreciated. We, therefore, survey the comparative anatomy and physiology of respiratory systems from invertebrates to vertebrates, water to air breathers, and terrestrial to aerial inhabitants. In an evolutionary context, certain species also become adapted to environmental conditions or habitual organismic demands. Within an organism's lifespan, the respiratory apparatus adapts in various ways to upregulate oxygen uptake in hypoxia and restrict uptake in hyperoxia. Here, we review the origin of oxygen homeostasis, a primal selection factor for all respiratory systems, which in turn function as gatekeepers of the cascade. Efficient respiratory gas exchange, coupled to downstream convective and diffusive resistances, comprise the “oxygen cascade”-step-down of PO 2 that balances supply against toxicity. Disparate systems exhibit similar directions of adaptation: toward larger diffusion interfaces, thinner barriers, finer dynamic regulation, and reduced cost of breathing. adult lungs) or simultaneous (e.g., skin, gills, and lungs in some salamanders). Habitat expansion compels the use of different gas exchangers, for example, skin, gills, tracheae, lungs, and their intermediate stages, that may coexist within the same species coexistence may be temporally disjunct (e.g., larval gills vs. Ambient oxygen tension ( PO 2) fluctuated through the ages in correlation with biodiversity and body size, enabling organisms to migrate from water to land and air and sometimes in the opposite direction. More fun than taking down npc condas.Life originated in anoxia, but many organisms came to depend upon oxygen for survival, independently evolving diverse respiratory systems for acquiring oxygen from the environment. You have to increase your sideways speed to "catch up" with the rotation, but with a pinch of thrusters as you come through the dock you can point at the pad and just use reverse thrust the whole way to softly touch down. By the time you've hit the slot you'll already be aligned and rotating.įyi docking is a whole other level of fun with fa off. Instead of aiming for the dock, aim for a point 1k directly out from it and adjust your approach accordingly. To remedy this just make sure you're aligned perpendicularly to the slot from a further distance. From your perspective the station doesn't move but your angle of approach does. I'm not sure I've explained it very well, but basically if you're in a wide ship (-) and you approach the mail slot while it's in the same inclination (-) by the time you arrive it will have rotated 90deg (I). If you approach the mailslot from an angle you'll notice when you get closer that often your thrusters seem oddly weak as soon as you're close enough for the station to look like it's not rotating you have to take into account the constant change in angle. If you brake from full speed and try a tight turn you'll notice that especially outside the blue zone your direction of travel isn't straight ahead of you.Īnother factor could be the transition from free flight to rotational correction. I think that the FA on prioritises removing speed rather than strictly following where you point. ![]() I use FA off exclusively, but I've tried experimenting with fa on in large ships (clipper etc) and I've realised that FA on doesn't limit your turn speed to your ships ability to actually change its direction. News, banter, CG & GalNet updates, and a bit of music too Dangerous Links CommunityĮlite Dangerous news & discussion live podcastĬQC Deathmatch on Xbox One with prizes from Pixel BanditsĬM team playing & discussing the game's events Post/comment not appearing? It may have entered our AutoModerator's event horizon. Read the Subreddit's Rules and Removals Info Page before posting ![]()
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